RESUMO Alternaria japônica Yoshii, um importante fungo fitopatogênico das crucíferas, foi identificado em plantas de rabanete apresentando sintomas de manchas necróticas com halos cloróticos. As amostras foram coletadas nos municípios de Brasília-DF e Guaraciaba do Norte-CE, Brasil. Os isolados estão depositados na coleção de fungos e oomicetos da Embrapa Hortaliças. Com o emprego do conceito de espécie morfológica e filogenética, dois isolados foram selecionados (EH-945 e EH-1379) para identificação. Através da avaliação dos marcadores morfológicos, concluiu-se que os isolados estudados são semelhantes a A. japonica. Baseado na análise filogenética, os isolados agruparam com os isolados de referências ATCC 13618 e CBS 118390 de A. japonica. Visando completar os postulados de Koch foram inoculadas plantas de rabanete, rúcula, mostarda e nabo. Todas as espécies apresentaram sintomas similares aos relatados originalmente em campo (com exceção dos controles não inoculados), sete a 12 dias após a inoculação. Os isolados obtidos das plantas sintomáticas apresentaram características morfológicas idênticas às do patógeno. Esse é o primeiro relato de rabanete como hospedeira de A. japonica no Brasil.

ABSTRACT Alternaria japonica Yoshii, an important cruciferous phytopathogenic fungus, has been identified in radish plants showing symptoms of necrotic spots with chlorotic halos. The samples were collected from the cities of Brasília-DF and Guaraciaba do Norte-CE, Brazil. The isolates are deposited in the collection of fungi and oomycetes of “Embrapa Hortaliças”. Using the concept of morphological and phylogenetic species, two isolates were selected (EH-945 and EH-1379) for identification. Through the evaluation of morphological markers, the isolates were concluded to be similar to A. japonica. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the isolates grouped with A. japonica reference isolates ATCC 13618 and CBS 118390. To complete Koch’s postulates, radish, arugula, mustard and turnip plants were inoculated. All species showed symptoms similar to those originally reported in the field (except for non-inoculated controls) seven to 12 days after inoculation. The isolates obtained from symptomatic plants showed morphological characteristics identical to those of the pathogen. This is the first report of radish as a host of A. japonica in Brazil.

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (FOLAC) is one of the most important problems for lettuce growers because it causes major losses in production. To identify cultivars with potential for use in the management of the disease, 102 accessions were evaluated for resistance to isolates of race 1 of FOLAC. Initially, preliminary screening was done, using the isolate Fus-173. Then, 47 materials selected as highly resistant and a susceptible control (Regina) were reevaluated for resistance to other isolates of FOLAC race 1 from different locations: Fus-202 and Fus-205, in October 2011, Fus-219 and Fus-222, in November 2011; and Fus-207, Fus-209, and Fus-220 in December 2011. Inoculation was performed on 25 day old seedlings in the greenhouse by the method of cutting the roots and immersing them in the conidial suspension. The evaluation was performed using a scale ranging from 0 (healthy plant) to 4 (dead plant). Resulting data was transformed into a disease index and submitted to an analysis of variance and means comparison by the Tukey test (P=0.05). Thirty-two accessions were identified with wide resistance spectrum to different isolates of the pathogen in the four periods of inoculation.